Process of uniting metals.



J. C. RUSSELL.

PROCESS OF UNITING METALS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 30, 1912 1,090,088. Patented Mar. 10, 19M

2 SHBETS-SHBET l.

INVENTOR J. C. RUSSELL.

PROCESS OF UNITING METALS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 30. 1912.

1,090,088. Patented Mar. 10, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

JAMES C. RUSSELL, F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

PROCESS OF UNITING METALS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 10, 1914.

Application filed December 30, 1912. Serial No. 739,190.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JAMES C. RUSSELL, a resident of Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvanimhave invented a new and useful Improvement in Processes of Uniting Metals; and I do here- 'by declare thefollowing to be a full, clear,

, geneous mass of metal, and also a finished product of combined metal which will be entirely free from any flaws or blow-holes on account of the segregation being pre vented in the rotating or spinning of the metal while in ingot form.

My invention consists, generally stated, in the novel method as hereinafter more specifically set forth and described and particularly pointed out in the'claims.

To enable others skilled in the art to which my invention appertains to carry out and use my improved process I will describe the same more fully referring to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the apparatus used in carrying out my improved process of amalgamating metals. Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of the same showing the parts in the pit in full lines. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of an ingot mold showing the molten metal therein.

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are vertical sectional views.

of the finished material. Fig. 7 shows a cross sectional view of an apparatus for treating hollow ingots. F' 8 is a cross sectional view of the hollow ingot in the ingot mold. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of the ingot after treatment in the rolls. Fig. 10 is a modified form of ingot mold.

Like symbols of reference herein indicate like parts in each of the figures of the drawings.

As illustrated in the drawings my improved process is carried on in the ingot mold a and in the apparatus 6. The ingot mold a, is formed of the ordinary material and has a slight taper so that it is smaller at the bottom than atthe top, and it is preferably made in two parts in order that it may be clamped together to receive a tube as hereinafter explained.

The process herein described is similar to the process described in my U.'S. Letters Patent. No. 1,019,191 granted March 5th, 1912. for an improvement in treating metal articles.

The apparatus b used in my improved process of combining metals has side frames or housings 1 in which are journaled the lower rolls 2 and 3 and the upper rolls 4 and I) and such lower rolls are not adapted to be moved in a vertical direction as the adiustment ot' the distance between the upper and lower rolls is obtained by means of the, vertical movement of the upper rolls 4 and The upper rolls 4 and 5 are journaled in sliding bearings (3 located in the housings 1, as shown in Fig. 1. Below the.

rolls 2 and 3 and housings 1 is a pit 7 into which rods 8 extend and such rods are connected at their upper ends to the sliding bearings 6 and at their lower ends to a bar 9. This bar 9 is connected at its center or any convenient place with the cross bar 10 which is hung or pivoted at its center from the supporting shoulder 11 which extends downward from the base plate 12. The outer end of the cross bar 10 is fastened to a heavy counter weight 13 by any suitable means and such weight is adapted to be moved vertically by the cross bar 10 on its pivotal connection 1 1 while a rod 15 extending between the bottom of the pit 7 and the base plate 12 and through the said counter weight guides the same in its vertical movement. The upper rolls 4 and 5 are adapted to be controlled by means of screws 16 which extend down from the top of the frames 1 and bear upon the upper part of the sliding bearings 6 while each of said screws is provided at its upper end with a bevel gear 17 which meshes with gears 18 on the horizontal shaft 19 and such shaft is operated by means of a hand-wheel or bar 20 at one end of the same.

I The machine is provided with the front and rear tables 21 and 22 for the purpose of admitting and discharging the ingots c from the rolls as hereinafter described. The rolls 2, 3, 4 and 5 are each provided with slots or grooves 23, which extend around the circumference of the same and form flanges 24 while an idle roll or disk 25 is adapted to rest in said grooves, as later explained. The idle roll or disk 25 on one side of the rolls 2, S, 4 and 5 is provided with an opening 26 in the same through which a plunger 27 is adapted toextend and such plunger is connected at-its outer end to an accumulator or other apparatus (not shown), as later described. The inner end of the plunger 27 is provided with a small roller 27 which is adapted to bear against and rotate with the ingot as it is rotated between the rolls 2, 3, 4 and 5. 1

My improved process of amalgamating metals is as follows: I first take a piece of sheet or plate metal such as copper, or any other metal or an alloy, and fit the same into the ingot mold a after uniting the side edges of the same by means of an acetylene torch or other means and such sheet will then form a tube 28 which will exactly fit the interior of the mold a. The molten metal is now poured into the mold in order to'fill up the interior of the tube 28 precisely the same as though the interior of such tube were the interior of the mold a. This operation will cause the molten metal tofuse the inner part of the tube 28 and thus become amalgamated with the same while the outside of such tube will become plastic but will not fuse or assume a liquid state. The ingot is now taken from the mold as the ends of the same soon become frozen and is carried to the rolling apparatus 6 where it is inserted in the rolls 2. 3, 4 and 5 and such rolls are v rotated at a rapid rate of speed by any suitable means. The ingot 0 thus formed is of conical shape and is in a liquid condition in its center while the outside is covered by the tube 28 which is now in a plastic condition and the ends are solidified just sufficient to prevent the liquid metal in the interior of the ingot from escaping there- 'from. The larger end of the ingot is held against the disk or roll 25 by means of the small plunger 27 which has the roller 27 on its end and which bears against the smaller end of such ingot with the pressure exerted by the accumulator which is adjusted to give just suflicient pressure to hold the ingot in place without hearing hard enough to prevent the necessary elongation. -As the rolls thus engage the larger end of the ingot a such-ingot will be decreased in diameter and the gases collected in the same will be forced out from the sides thereof so that the whole when finished will be a solid homogeneous mass. This elimination is accomplished by reason pf the inner part of the ingot being in a liquid form so that when the same is rotated the liquid will be gathered up into the plastic or pasty mate-' rial much the same as in the puddling process and as the rolls bear upon the outer surface of the same the gases will be forced out through the same so that all the blowholes, pipe and segregation will be eliminated and the finished ingot will be a solid homogeneous mass covered with an outer coating of copper or other metal which will be amalgamated with the inner metal and no joining or break line will be apparent.

Fig. 1 shows a hood 29 in dotted lines and such hood is for the purpose of retaining heat in case the ingot becomes chilled as at such times heat is applied to the outer surface of the same by means of gas jets or acetylene burners. After the ingot 0 is taken be coated with a thin covering of copper or other metal and the thickness of such coating will depend upon the thickness to which the inner metal is rolled out. If desired the reduced ingot after being taken from the spinning rolls may be subjected to a squeezing operation in any apparatus, so that pressure will be exerted upon the outer surface of the same is it cools to atmospheric temperature for the purpose of assisting the molecules comprising the same in becoming firmly bonded together. By using copper and various amounts of nickel as an alloy in making the tube 28 the outside of the finished material will be from dark bronze to a white metal. Any metal or alloy which is non-corrosive or rustless may be used on the outside of the ingot for making the combination metal, and these may all be appliedin the manner described.

"It will be evident that the production of metal by my improved process can be used in the same places where copper coated metal is used at the present day and will also take the place of solid copper in many instances where it is necessary to havea rustless material. It will be very useful in sheet roofing as copper is very expensive and other metals will not stand the exposure to the weather. It can be made almost as cheap as galvanzied steel so that it'will decrease the cost of copper plated material and render its use practical in places where its high costhas heretofore made its use prohibitive.

- In referringto Figs.'7, 8. 9 and 10 of the l into the ingot mold and around the tube 29 so that such tube, which is of copper, copper alloy or other metal, will become fused or amalgamated with the metal of the ingot body. The ingot may be made as large as desired as may also the hollow center of the same. As soon as the ingot becomes frozen on the outside of the same it is carried to the apparatus K used for treatin hollow ingots and such apparatus is exact y the same as the apparatus used for the solid ingots except that a rod 30 extends through one of the idle disks or side rolls 25 and through the hollow interior of the ingot and such rod Will rotate with the ingot and keep the hollow center of the same from being crushed in during the rolling operation. In this con nection it will be seen that ingots thus formed may have an inside and an outside of copper or copper alloy and the body of the same formed of a homogeneous mass of steel.

Various modifications and changes in the process of treating my improved metal article maybe resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters-Patent, is

1. The herein described process of forming combined metal ingots to prevent blowholes, segregation and the in urious action of the pipe formed therein, which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal against another metal in an ingot mold in order to form an ingot circular incross section, said molten metal heating said other metal to a semi-plastic condition, and then applying pressure to the side of such ingot to reduce the same and force the gases therefrom while rotating the ingot about its longitudinal axis.

2. The herein described process of forming combined metal ingots to prevent blowholes, segregation and the in urious action of the pipe formed therein, which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal against another metal in an ingot mold in order to form an ingot into conical shape and circular in cross section, said molten metal heating said other metal to a semiplastic condition, and then applying pressure to the side of such ingot to reduce the same and force the gases therefrom while the ingot is being subjected to a spinning movement about its longitudinal axis.

3. The herein described process of form ing combined metal ingots to prevent blowholes, segregation and the injurious action of the pipe formed therein, which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal against a tube ofanother metal in an ingot mold in order to form an ingot circular in cross-section, said molten metal heating said other metal to a semi-plastic condition, and

then applying pressure tothe side of such ingot to reduce the same and force the gases therefrom while rotating the ingot about its longitudinal axis.

4. The herein described process of forming hollow ingots of combined metals to prevent blow-holes, segregation and the injurious action of the pipe formed therein, which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal around a tube of another metal in an ingot mold in order to form an ingot circular in cross section, said molten metal heating said other metal to a semi-plastic condition, and then applying pressure to the sides of such ingot to reduce the same and force the gases therefrom while rotating the ingot about its longitudinal axis.

5. The herein described process of forming hollow ingots of combined metals to prevent blow-holes, segregation and the injurious action of the pipe formed therein, which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal around a tube of another metal in order to form an ingot circular-in cross section, and then applying pressure to the sides of such ingot to reduce the same and force the gases therefrom'while rotating the ingot about its longitudinal axis while holding the hollow center to prevent the same from being crushed under such pressure.

6'. The herein described process of forming combined metal ingots to prevent blowholes, segregation and the injurious action of the pipe formed therein, which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal against another metal in an ingot mold in order to form an ingot circular in cross section, then applying pressure to the side of such ingot to reduce the same and force the gases therefrom while rotating the ingot about its longitudinal axis, and then squeezing the reduced ingot until cold to allow the molecules to become firmly bonded.

7. The herein described process of forming combined metal ingots to prevent blowholes, segregation and the in urious action of the pipe formed therein, which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal against another metal in an ingot mold in order to form an ingot into conical shape and circular in cross section, then applying pressure to the side of such ingot to reduce the same and force the ases therefrom while the ingot is being sub ected to a spinning movement about its longitudinal axis, and then squeezing the reduced ingot until cold to allow the molecules to become firmly bonded.

8. The herein described process of forming combined metal ingots to prevent blowholes, segregation and the injurious action of the pipe formed therein, which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal against a tube of another metal in an ingot mold in order to form an ingot circular in cross section, then applying pressure to the side of such ingot to reduce the same and danal arms, and then squeezlng the reduced force the gases therefrom while rotating-the ingot about its longitudinal axis, and then squeezing the reduced ingot until cold to allow the molecules to become firmly bonded.

9. The herein described process of forming combined metal ingots to prevent blowholes, segregation and the injurious action of the pipe formed therein, which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal against a tube of another metal in an ingot mold in order to form. an ingot into conical shape and circular in cross section, then applying pressure to the side of such ingot to reduce the same and force the gases therefrom while the ingot is being subjectedto a spinning movement about its longitudinal axis, and then squeezing the reduced ingot until cold to allow the molecules to become firmly bonded.

10. The herein described process of forming hollow ingots of combined metals to prevent blow-holes, segregation and. the injurious action of thepipe formed therein which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal around a tube of another metal in an ingot mold in order to form an ingot circular in cross section, then apply- I ing pressure to the sides of such ingot to reduce the same and force the gases therefrom while rotating the ingot about its longitudinal axis, and then squeezing the reduced ingot until cold to allow the mole cules to become firmly bonded.

11. lhe herein described process of'forming hollow ingots of combined metal to preventblow-holes, segregation and the injurious action of the pipe formed therein, which 1 comprises the steps of introducing molten metal around a tube of another metal in an ingot mold in order to form an ingot into conical shape and circular in cross-section, then applying pressure to the sides of such ingot to reduce "the same and force the gases therefrom while the ingot is being subjected v to a spinning movement about its longituingot until cold to allow the molecules to become firmly bonded.

12. The herein described process of forming hollow ingots of combined metals to prevent blow-holes, segregation and the injurious action-of the pipe formed therein, which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal around a tube of another metal v until cold to allow the molecules to become firmly bonded.

13. The herein described process of forming hollow ingots of combined metal to prevent blow-holes, segregation and the injurious action of the pipe'formed therein, which comprises the steps of introducing molten metal around a tube of another metal in an ingot mold in order to form an ingot into conical shape and circular in crosssection, then applying pressure to the sides of such ingot to reduce the same and force the gases therefrom while the ingot is being subjected to a spinning movement about its longitudinal axis while holding the hollow center to prevent the same from being crushed under such pressure, and then squeezing the reduced ingot until cold to allow the molecules to become firmly bonded.

In testiinonywhereof, I, the said JAMES C. RUSSELL, have hereunto set my hand.

1 JAMES (J. RUSSELL.

Witnesses: v

T. B. HUMIHRIES, J. N. Coonn. 

